Lt Col Navdeep Singh Bedi flags off the Fit India Freedom Run in Madikeri.
The 19th Karnataka Battalion NCC Wing of Field Marshal K M Cariappa College, Madikeri CMC and the Green City Forum organised Fit India Freedom Run and cleanliness campaign on Saturday.
A cleanliness drive was carried out in front of the statue of Field Marshal K M Cariappa at Sudarshan Circle, General Thimayya Circle, Ajjamada Devaiah Circle, Chowki and State Bank Circle.
Lt Col Navdeep Singh Bedi said that there is a need to improve immunity to fight against Covid-19.
“Everyone should engage in exercise daily to maintain their health,” he added.
Field Marshal K M Cariappa College NCC officer Major Dr B Raghava also spoke on the occasion.
source: http://www.deccanherald.com / Deccan Herald / Home> State> Mangaluru / by DHNS, Madikeri / September 25th, 2021
As per the exemption, continuing from the British-era rule, the people from the hill district of Kodagu can posses pistols, revolvers and double-barrelled shotguns without a licence.
The Kodavas are a small martial community in Kodagu (Coorg) district in Karnataka. Image Courtesy: @KodaguConnect/Twitter
The Karnataka High Court on Wednesday upheld the Arms Act exemption granted to every person of Coorg by race, and Jumma tenure landholders in Coorg (Kodagu district).
A division bench of acting Chief Justice Satish Chandra Sharma and Justice Sachin Shankar Magadum heard the matter which was first filed on 30 June by 41-year-old Captain Chethan YK (retired), also a resident of Kodagu, who sought to know why only one race was given this exemption.
The judges in the case said: “The Kodava community which is a marshal community is enjoying the benefit of exemption since pre-independence and Jumma tenure holders are enjoying the exemption since pre-independence period. They have rightly been granted exemption for a period of ten years, it is not the case they have been granted exemption indefinitely. Exemption granted is subject to certain terms and conditions. Therefore, the Constitutional validity of the notification is upheld in the petition.”
Take a look at who are the Kodavas and the story behind their right to bear arms without a licence.
Kodava people
They are a unique race of people who live in Kodagu (Coorg, as the British called it), the smallest district in Karnataka.
The history of Coorg and the Kodava people is one that is shrouded in a lot of mystery. There are a variety of theories as to the origin of the Kodava, including theories of them being either the indigenous inhabitants of their region, or of foreign origins prior to two thousand years ago.
As per the indigenous theory, the Kodava people were an ancient warlike tribe, who were indigenous inhabitants of Kodagu. This tribe learned and practiced agriculture in the area and over the centuries they got civilised and gained prosperity.
The foreign origin theory, which is more popular with the community itself, says they are descendants of the broad-headed (Brachycephalic) stock who entered into the Indus Valley during the Mohenjodaro period and later migrated down to Coorg.
However, the most popular theory among the Kodavas is that they are descendants of the Indo-Greek soldiers, who came into India with Alexander the Great.
Weapons in the Kodava culture
The Kodava community has a long history with guns, and historians say that their culture is intrinsically linked with firearms. There are festivals in which gunshots are fired in the air, and a gun salute is performed when a child is born or a person dies.
During the Kailpodh festival, celebrated each year on 3 September, all the weapons along with agricultural implements and vehicles are cleaned and decorated with flowers and worshipped.
The traditional sword and dagger also are a part of the Kodava attire, showcasing how intrinsically the arms are woven into their culture.
Exemptions from getting a gun licence
The British in recognition of their martial traditions granted the community a special privilege to own firearms without a licence in 1861.
One cultural reason for giving the exemption was that Kodava homes were far away from each other, in some cases could be as far as a kilometre.
“In older times when communication links were poor, a Kodava used to inform his neighbour by firing a single shot in the air about a newborn and two shots in case of any death in the family,” a prominent Kodava, who lives in Delhi, was quoted as saying to The Economic Times.
The exemption was then issued by the Union government in 1963 under the provisions of the Indian Arms Act, 1959.
The Centre had issued a notification exempting “every person of (the) Coorg race and every Jamma land tenure holder in Coorg” from the Indian Arms Act. There was no curb on the privilege even after Coorg, which was a separate state earlier, merged with Karnataka.
There are conditions, however, to the exemption. In a notification, the Ministry of Home Affairs, said, “The arms or ammunition carried or possessed by any person being from Kodagu by race and every Jamma tenure holder in Kodagu and herein exempted while residing or travelling outside the district of Kodagu shall not exceed one rifle with 100 rounds of ammunition for the same and one smooth bore breech or muzzle-loading gun with 500 cartridges or the equivalent in leaden shot and gunpowder.”
A home ministry official added that the exemption, valid till 2029, was given to the Kodavas as firearms were never misused in crimes or anti-national or anti-state activities.
According to reports, a proposal to do away with the privilege under the Arms Act was made in 1964 by the Centre. But the move was dropped, apparently, at the behest of Field Marshal K M Cariappa — the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army — and the then Union Minister C M Poonacha, who was also the former chief minister of Coorg state, before its merger with Karnataka.
‘Discriminatory’ exemption
In 2018, Captain Chethan (retired) filed a Writ Petition questioning the exemption granted by the Government of India to a certain class of people in the district in obtaining licence to possess firearms under Section 3 and 4 of the Indian Arms Act, 1959.
In his petition, Chethan, a resident of RT Nagar in Bengaluru, claimed that the continuation of the exemption, granted to some class of persons by the British Government in pre-Independent India in furtherance of their divide-and-rule policy, was unconstitutional, as it was based on irrational, fictitious and discriminatory grounds, such as race and ancestral land tenure.
The petitioner had claimed that the MHA did away with the scrutiny of persons before granting licence in respect of the people belonging to the ‘Coorg race’, adding that this itself is not only derogatory to the citizens of the entire nation other than the ‘Coorg race’, but also possess a threat to the life and liberty as the people exempted are permitted to hold arms and ammunition without any scrutiny of their antecedents or criminal records.
However, the petitioner’s concern was shot down by Additional Solicitor General M B Nargund appearing for the Union of India who said, “A kirpan is allowed to be used by the members of Sikh community and similarly, Gorkha community is permitted to use kukri.”
Senior Advocate Sajan Poovayya appearing for Respondents Kodagu Samaja Bangalore and Kodava Muslim Association also opposed the petition saying, “It is not like that if there are 100 people in a house they can have 200 firearms in the house, the quantity of arms and ammunition and the types of arms are all specified.”
Codava National Council president, Nandineravanda U Nachappa hailed the high court’s decision and speaking to Indianexpress.com said, “It is a historical judgment by the high court. Few people without any knowledge about the community had gone to court challenging exemption given to the Kodava community. We have received these rights under the customary law since Kodavas’ life revolves around the gun.”
source: http://www.firstpost.com / First Post / Home> India News / FP Staff / September 25th, 2021
The villagers were mostly agriculturists, but with their farmlands and estates buried under debris, their future appeared grim.
The Forest Cafe at Kaluru
Madikeri :
In August 2018, when the skies opened up with a vengeance, and flash floods and landslides left a trail of destruction, Kaluru was one of the worst-hit villages in Kodagu district. People lost their livestock, houses, farmlands and estates overnight.
“Over 200 families moved to relief centres in August and we returned to our village only in October. Estates, farmlands, cattle – everything was lost,” recalls Dechavva, who was left to pick up the pieces after the disaster.
The villagers were mostly agriculturists, but with their farmlands and estates buried under debris, their future appeared grim. If was the women who rose from the ruins to crossed all hurdles to turn around their lives. Their grit and determination earned them the title of ‘Kaluru women’. They are now entrepreneurs and sole breadwinners, thanks to Project Coorg, a rehabilitation initiative.
Narrating how they started getting back on their feet, Dechavva, who became a master tailor at the age of 65, says the village temple priest, Nagesh Kaluru, approached Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, seeking support to rebuild the life of the villagers.
Dechavva, who learnt tailoring at the age of 65
Under Project Coorg, the trust started organising skill development programmes for the women of the village. They were also joined by a few affected women from Devasthuru village. Soon, tailoring and food processing training programmes took shape.
The tailoring unit was headed by Ashrafunissa. “I didn’t know much about Kaluru village till the disaster. I stay in Madikeri and my house also suffered severe damage due to landslides. During this time, I was approached by Balaji Kashyap – who heads Project Coorg. I was asked to train women in tailoring,” she says. A total of 30 women were trained for six months.
However, not all the women wanted to take up needle and thread. The older ones opted for food processing, and 30 women were trained in manufacturing masala, pickle, chocolates, chips, rice flour and other food items by Neena Shetty, award-winning chef from Udupi.
“We wanted to create a continuous revenue generating model for the women. We didn’t take the CSR approach as it is not suitable for the situation here. However, sponsors and partners came in to support the initiative after seeing our work,” says Kashyap of Project Coorg.
The women were also taught soft skills and other business know-how by Kashyap and the initiative launched ‘Yashaswi’ – a self-help group to empower the Kaluru women. The villagers’ struggle didn’t go unnoticed. Many sponsors came forward to support the group, and the land for the Yashaswi factory was donated by the Karera family of the village. The factory building was sponsored by the Kodava Koota of North America. With equipment donated by various companies, including Bosch India, the women of Kaluru soon became entrepreneurs.
“I only worked in farmlands all my life. I did not know how to even hold a needle. But our trainer, Ashrafunissa, taught me like I was a child and now I stitch bags for several companies; I continue to earn my own living,” adds Dechavva. Ashraf explains that the women get orders from various schools to stitch uniforms and other products. “Our business is expanding as we are getting orders from colleges outside Kodagu too,” she says. Many other women in the village now have the skill of working with factory jack machines installed at the unit.
Ashrafunissa (standing) and her team at Yashasvi Tailoring Unit | EXPRESS
Muthamma, an entrepreneur under the Yashaswi group, opted for training in food processing as her eyesight was not good enough for stitching. Along with other elder women, she grinds rice and flour, prepares various masala powders and tries her hand at chocolate making. “Apart from the regular salary, we are paid incentives when sales increase,” she said.
A rustic eatery, called Forest Cafe, was also set up next to the factory, and tourists often visit it. “We serve local delicacies and also sell food products which we make,” says Jamuna. The flood victims have now become an inspiration for many, and skill development training is being extended to many other women across the district. “Post the pandemic, the Project Coorg initiative has expanded from being a rehabilitation initiative to a women empowerment initiative,” says Balaji.
30 women trained in manufacturing masala, pickle, chocolates, chips, rice flour and other food items
source: http://www.newindianexpress.com / The New Indian Express / Home> Good News / by Prajna GR, Express News Service / September 26th, 2021
The team of a film on Field Marshal K M Cariappa, at Patrika Bhavan in Madikeri. Actor Prem, director Raghavendra and producer Arun Pradeep look on, among others.
Film director Raghavendra said that the family of Field Marshal K M Cariappa has given permission to Neo Cinema Samsthe to make a film on Cariappa.
Addressing reporters in Madikeri on Monday, he said that it will be his pride to direct the film. Actor Prem has been selected to play the lead role.
“Information has been obtained from Cariappa’s son Air Marshal Nanda Cariappa in Madikeri. The objective of the film is to narrate Field Marshal Cariappa’s valour to the entire world. The film is being made in Kannada, English and Hindi and is a big-budget movie,” he said.
Raghavendra further said that preparation will be done for eight months for screenplay and selection of places for shooting.
After the shooting, the film will hit screens in two years, he added.
Actor Prem said that Kodagu is a land of patriotism and culture.
If two children take birth in a Kodava family, one is sent to the army and another is chosen for agriculture. The life of Field Marshal K M Cariappa makes everyone proud, he said.
Madikeri CMC former member Veenakshi, film producer Arun Pradeep and distributor Anand were present, among others.
source: http://www.deccanherald.com / Deccan Herald / Home> State> Mangaluru / by DHNS, Madikeri / September 27th, 2021
Charulata Somal during her 2017 trip to Antarctica.
Charulata Somal is currently the Deputy Commissioner of Kodagu district. In 2017, Charulata shot to fame when she made two expeditions to Antarctica, the first IAS officer to do so.
During her stint in Shivamogga as the Commissioner of City Corporation in 2019, she was appreciated for her handling of the floods in the city.
Charulata speaks with DH’s Prajwal Suvarna about her decision to join the civil services and her experience so far.
What prompted you to join the civil services? How did you prepare for the exams?
I was born and raised in Mumbai, and graduated in Economics Hons from St Stephens College, in Delhi. I was inspired or rather, coaxed by my parents to write the UPSC exams post college. Discussions with my parents over a few months helped me arrive at the decision.
I started preparing a few months after graduation. My subjects were economics and public administration.
I had enrolled in a few coaching institutes that were not so great. Then, I bought my own reference books and notes and focussed on self-study, taking tips from people who were previously successful in the exams. Many teachers and other fellow aspirants also helped me at each stage.
Any tips for cracking the interview?
In the interview, I think it is important to be authentic. Very often, we are tutored to give responses, which are not necessarily our natural responses. Ultimately, every person has their own style of interacting and responding.
One of the most important things, in hindsight, is that when you do not know the answer to something, it is okay to say that you do not know.
There is no point trying to bluff the board or guessing unnecessarily.
How has the experience in the service been so far?
I started off as the Assistant Commissioner in Kundapura. This was not just my first assignment in the services, but also my first job. I had not worked previously. There is so much learning from that first posting — learning a new language, adapting to a new work set up and culture.
And this also was the first time that I was staying away from a big city. In the cities, I don’t think we realise what the country has to offer. The small towns and cities are charming in their own way.
After that, I was the Zilla Panchayat CEO in Kodagu. That is when I got introduced to the Forest Department and was surrounded by some wonderful forest officers. This stint piqued my interest in nature. That was also the time that I had the opportunity to do my two expeditions to Antarctica.
One of the key lessons in working with local bodies, whether it is rural or urban, is that we learn people management. Working with an elected body involves a lot of teamwork. It is never in isolation.
Even within our office, I work with my subordinates who work to get the results. We are working towards a common goal.
My first posting in Bengaluru was working in the Chief Minister’s Secretariat. Bengaluru gives you a very different perspective, because there you are able to observe how senior officers and the system work much more closely. So learning doesn’t always have to be direct, you can always learn from the experience of your peers.
What was your experience in Shivamogga like?
While working with urban local bodies, like my stint as City Corporation Commissioner and Smart City MD in Shivamogga, I realised that the public scrutiny is all the more intensified.
One such intense experience was during the rains of 2019. It was not something that was expected or anticipated. But we worked for three-four days without any sleep, rescuing thousands of people within the city and opening up rehabilitation centres and hosting 7,000 people there for two days. We did not have any deaths. Everybody rose to the occasion.
What are the challenges of working as a Deputy Commissioner?
As a DC, one is working across fields and your days are divided between office and field visits, attending to public grievances, office files, court matters and meetings.
In the recent past, Covid management has been a big challenge along with other routine work related to revenue, tribal development, regulatory functions.
The responsibilities are always quite high. And you also have to be aware of how we interact with people and how we conduct ourselves.
Personally, one thing that I believe in is treating people with grace and dignity.
It is very easy to get carried away when you are in a position of authority. But irrespective of who is walking into your office, and irrespective of the entitlement the person may have, you should treat everybody with equal amount of courtesy.
It is not that we don’t make mistakes. But just being a patient listener and being respectful towards people is very important. Treating people well goes a long way. And even if we agree to disagree, let it be with dignity.
As a young officer, how do you handle situations of conflict or friction? Is there some compromise?
There is no question about compromise. As long as our priorities are clear and boundaries are set, there is nothing that prevents officers from doing what is right.
That is the only clarity we require. And as I said, we can always agree to disagree politely, it does not have to be acrimonious.
Sometimes, another party may come to us with a request. And if we listen to them, we may realise that what they are asking for is not unreasonable.
As long as we keep an open mind, there is nothing that prevents us from doing the right thing as per the law or the mandate of our job.
Does disaster management take up a lot of your time in Kodagu?
The landslide season is from May to August. So from April onwards, we went into preparation mode. There were alerts issued by the government from time to time, we are always in a wait and watch mode. If there were any red flags, we can start evacuating immediately.
The motto for us this year was that there should not be any casualty.
Fortunately, this year the rains have been quite kind. And on the disaster front, the district did hold up, compared to the previous years.
How does one cope under high pressure / stressful situations?
Apart from pursuing one’s personal faith, whether religion or spiritual practices, having an interest outside of the services does help keep one happy.
Some are very good at tackling stressful situations, some not, one learns with time and experience. Self-care, through emotional, mental and physical health also would probably hold one in good stead over the years.
Which city would you choose between Mumbai, Delhi and Bengaluru?
Each city has its own charm. But I love Bengaluru. It is a beautiful, young city, with so many avenues for recreation. It has amazing running clubs, yoga clubs, cycling clubs and trekking places. It is a nice melting pot of various cultures.
I think Bengaluru is also a very small city — everybody knows everybody — but you still have your anonymity.
I think as of today, I would choose Bengaluru over Mumbai and Delhi.
Any other advice for young civil service aspirants and working professionals starting out?
The first question one must ask is why does one want to do it — be authentic.
Do it if it is your choice, and be committed 100%. There can’t be a Plan B. The harder one works, the luckier one gets. Of course, this holds true for every profession and the civil services are just one of the many great career options available today.
source: http://www.deccanherald.com / Deccan Herald / Home> Supplements / DH Education / by Prajwal Suvarna / September 28th, 2021
Online applications have been invited for admission to Navodaya Vidyalaya.
Students who are studying in the fifth standard in Kodagu district are eligible to write the entrance exam. The last date to submit the applications is November 30.
The exam will be held on April 30. For details visit: www.navodaya.gov.in, stated a release from Navodaya Vidyalaya, Galibeedu, principal O M Pankajakshan.
source: http://www.deccanherald.com / Deccan Herald / Home> State> Mangaluru / by DHNS, Madikeri / September 25th, 2021
Mysuru Kodava Samaja celebrated the 153rd birth anniversary of Haradasa Appaneravanda Appacha Kavi on Sept.21 at the Samaja premises in Vijayanagar here as ‘Kodava Sahitya Day.’
Picture shows the members of the Samaja Management Committee and special invitees offering floral tributes to the portrait of Appacha Kavi.
source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> Photo News / September 24th, 2021
City girl, team-mates of Kodagu Football Club shine in prestigious ‘A Division’ League
Kodagu, the land of coffee has a girl’s football club now and it has already made a mark in the on-going prestigious ‘A Division’ League matches being held in Bengaluru at Bangalore Football Stadium. In all, 17 teams are participating in the matches and prominent among them is United Kodagu Football Club, exclusively for girls.
This is the first girls’ Club registered with a Kodagu name in it and has been floated by H.H. Harish, a football player himself from Pollibetta in Kodagu. Harish is an All India Football Federation licence holder to coach future players.
Among the players in the Club is 19-year-old C.V. Niharika from Saraswathipuram in Mysuru, presently studying in National Institute of Engineering (NIE) pursuing Mechanical Engineering second year. As of now, there are only two players from Kodagu — Nikhita from Somwarpet and Parimala from Pollibetta.
Nikhita from Somwarpet.
“There are at least 30 to 40 girl players from Kodagu who are interested and capable of playing in league matches. In the pandemic situation and due to examinations and other family commitments, they are not able to come to be a part of the Club in these league matches. I have registered with the United Kodagu Football Club so as to not miss out on the league matches. If the Club fares well, we will conduct a trial in Kodagu for the subsequent matches,” Harish told Star of Mysore.
Parimala from Pollibetta.
Interested but no opportunities
Lending a helping hand to Harish is Kodagu District Football Association. “The United Kodagu Football Club is taking care of the food and accommodation of the players and the team is poised to enter the semi-finals,” Harish said.
He is the Head Coach of the Bengaluru-based Nakshatra Football Academy and the other players have been handpicked from there, he said.
“Hockey takes priority in Kodagu but there are girls who are interested in football and so far they have not had any opportunities. We provide a platform for them and the ‘A Division’ was a good opportunity for them to learn and hone their skills from other State-level players,” Harish added, regretting the lukewarm response he got when he called for player participation. He hopes that more players will emerge from the coffee district.
Coach Harish in discussion with players.
Sharing her experience with SOM on playing for Kodagu FC, Niharika said that she was glad for the opportunity and grabbed it as soon as the opportunity landed on her lap. “I am the only Mysuru girl to be playing football at this level and I practice for at least three to four hours per day,” she said.
Niharika started playing football at a very young age and her class boys were her team-mates. “Football is the only game that attracted me and I felt I belonged to it and it was quite natural. Despite facing obstacles and discrimination initially as there is a wrong notion that only men play this game, my parents were very supportive. And here I am,” she said.
Notably, Niharika’s coach in the University of Mysore is Ramani, a woman who coaches all the senior boys. “She picked me up and took me under wings and it was a magical moment,” she added.
Niharika is the daughter of Dr. C.S. Vasanthakumar, a medical practitioner and C.P. Manjula, who was an Assistant Professor Economics, now a home-maker.
Team United Kodagu Football Club with Coach Harish.
Team makes it to Main League
In the ‘A Division’ League, The Kodagu FC could not make it to the finals in the qualifiers. The team played its last match on Sept. 20 and qualified for the Main League that will take place later.
source: http://www.starofmysore.com / Star of Mysore / Home> Feature Articles / September 23rd, 2021
‘Mouna Kaniveya Santa’, a work by Dr J Somanna, was released in Madikeri on Wednesday. DH Photo
Building a healthy society is the responsibility of every citizen, said writer Dr Kalegowda Nagawara.
He was speaking after releasing the works ‘Mouna Kaniveya Santa’, ‘Ashwathara Katha Sahitya’, ‘Giriseemeya Hadu-Padu’ and ‘Kannada Sahityakke Kodagine Koduge’, by Dr J Somanna, principal of Vijayalakshmi PU College, Balele, during a programme organised by Zilla Lekhakara Mattu Kalavidara Balaga at Press Club on Wednesday.
Dr Kalegowda said, “Society would have both positive and negative aspects. It is not good to highlight only the negative aspects. One should lead secular lives in the real sense to be peaceful.”
Kodagu has contributed immensely to literature. In Kodagu, men and women are respected equally, he said and recalled the incident where writer Kodagina Gowramma gave away her gold jewellery to Gandhiji when the latter visited the district, towards the freedom fight.
“Gandhiji’s eyes filled with tears when he narrated the incident at Gandhi Maidan in Madikeri. The Father of the Nation had also narrated the same incident of Gowramma’s generosity and patriotism in his speeches in Puttur and Sullia,” said Dr Kalegowda Nagawara.
He further said that a discussion will be held with the district administration towards utilising grants for the preservation of folklore literature.
The writer also felt there is a need to preserve the environment of Kodagu.
Railway connectivity will have a negative impact on nature, he added.
Social activist V P Shashidhar said that writer Dr J Somanna has captured the essence of the primitives of the district, in his works.
Zilla Lekhakara Mattu Kalavidara Balaga president Keshava Kamath said that the association has been organising a literary event each month.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, the programmes were held online, he added.
District Kannada Sahitya Parishat former president T P Ramesh, SNDP Kodagu Union president V K Lokesh and others were present.
A programme of light songs was held on the occasion.
source: http://www.deccanherald.com / Deccan Herald / Home> State> Mangaluru / by DHNS, Madikeri / September 22nd, 2021
“Usually it takes seven to eight days to complete chemical spraying across a 10 acre estate. However, the job was completed in four hours using the drone,” said an arecanut estate owner.
Drone facility used in a paddy field in the district (Photo | Special arrangement)
Madikeri :
Agriculture has taken a hit in several ways amid the pandemic and labour shortage and lack of maintenance are among the top struggles faced by farmers. However, this is now being addressed technologically with drones taking over jobs at many estates in Kodagu.
Vikram Appaiah, a arecanut estate owner in Karadigodu village, first heard of drones helping in agriculture activities in a social media group. He opted for the technology and the first drone experiment was done across his estate in May.
“I hired the drone to enable maintenance work at the estate. Fungicide spray was mounted on the drone and all the arecanut trees were uniformly sprayed with the chemical,” recalled Vikram. He added, “Usually it takes seven to eight days to complete chemical spraying across a 10 acre estate. However, the job was completed in four hours using the drone.” Following the success story, Vikram hired the drone for the second round of chemical spraying in September.
The drones are outsourced from the local agro company Omega in Gonikoppal. “Prior bookings have to be made and the drones help in systemic spray of chemicals or organic sprays. Many farmers are approaching us to opt for the facility as it is time-saving and convenient,” said Naj Chengappa, the proprietor of Omega.
He explained that Rs 2200 is charged for spraying chemicals with drones across one acre of arecanut estate and Rs 950 across one acre of paddy field.
He, however, confirmed that this facility cannot be used across coffee estates due to the uneven terrain alongside increased shade trees in the estates.
source: http://www.newindianexpress.com / The New Indian Express / Home> States> Karnataka / by Prajna GR, Express News Service / September 22nd, 2021
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